The East African Coastal Forests (Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique) have been recognized as a distinct Global Hotspot for the Conservation of Biodiversity on account of high levels of both endemism (plants and several animal taxa) and species richness, both within and between the many constituent small forest patches. This fragmentation into many (>100) distinctive (in terms of substrate, moisture and so diversity) patches, averaging <500 ha.
Coastal closed forest patches are surrounded by a matrix of different woodland, wooded grassland and cultivation areas. Woodlands (eastern dry miombo / coastal savanna) have valuable timber trees which led to massive logging pressure by late 1990s. This situation have led to strengthening forest management, and especially local community involvement through Participatory Forest Management (PFM).
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