By early 1990, Participatory Forest Management (PFM) was introduced in Tanzania, it is estimated to cover over 4 million ha of forests and woodlands across the country. It has two forms: Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) and Joint Forest Management (JFM).Under the arrangement of CBFM, forests are mainly miombo or acacia woodlands as these constitute the largest ecosystem type of open and unreserved forests. Whereas, JFM arrangement concentrated mostly in forest reserves which are mostly montane forests as well as mangroves, mainly are under territorial or central government.
PFM appears to perform differently under different conditions and a range of inter-linked factors appear to influence its ability to deliver positive forest management, livelihood or governance outcomes. CBFM is gaining more participation and it has wider coverage compared to JFM. Perhaps the most important factor that determines the efficiency of CBFM at the local level is related to capacity and governance issues at the local government level and ability of the district facilitators to work effectively with communities, through extension services and approaches.
needs more evaluation especially on showcases in Tanzania, to see how are the costs and benefits trickling to communities through PFM arrangements
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